Ranking_programming_languages_by_energy_efficiency_evaluation.ods - Towards a Green Ranking for Programming Languages. In Programming Languages: 21st Brazilian Symposium, SBLP 2017, Fortaleza, Brazil, September, 2017. Google Scholar Digital Library; Luis Cruz and Rui Abreu. 2017. Performance-based Guidelines for Energy Efficient Mobile Applications.

 
Feb 13, 2022 · 7. C#. For the last many years, C# is holding a good position in the list of top programming languages of almost every index. The language is ranked at 4th and 5th position at TIOBE and PYPL index respectively. On GitHub Language Rankings, it holds a place at the #5 position consistently for the last two years. . Toyota camry under dollar10 000 near me

A programming language is a system of notation for writing computer programs. [1] Most programming languages are text-based formal languages, but they may also be graphical. They are a kind of computer language . The description of a programming language is usually split into the two components of syntax (form) and semantics (meaning), which ... Jul 4, 2021 · Using the calculations from the previous article, we can estimate the yearly carbon impact: C#/WPF is around .00031 mtCO2e per year for that population. Python/Kiva is around .00087 mtCO2e per ... The reason why it does not top the list is that it is a dynamic language. 4. Fortran. Fortran is a general-purpose language used for scientific calculations. It is known for its high performance and is used in ranking the fastest supercomputers. Fortran is widely used for numerical programming since it is faster.Ultimately, it is based on such comparisons that we propose a series of efficiency rankings, based on single and multiple criteria. Our results show interesting findings, such as how slower/faster languages can consume less/more energy, and how memory usage influences energy consumption.On IEEE Spectrum 's Fixing the Future podcast, our editors talk with the brightest minds in technology about concrete solutions to big challenges.Energy Efficiency in Programming Languages Checking Energy Consumption in Programming Languages Using the Computer Language Benchmark Game as a case study. What is this? This repo contains the source code of 10 distinct benchmarks, implemented in 28 different languages (exactly as taken from the Computer Language Benchmark Game).Swift. Haskell. C#. Go. Dart. JavaScript. TypeScript. “This paper presents a study of the runtime, memory usage, and energy consumption of twenty-seven well-known software languages. We monitor ...Energy Efficiency in Programming Languages Checking Energy Consumption in Programming Languages Using the Computer Language Benchmark Game as a case study. What is this? This repo contains the source code of 10 distinct benchmarks, implemented in 28 different languages (exactly as taken from the Computer Language Benchmark Game).After two years in second place, C has finally edged out Java for the top spot. Staying in the top five, Python has swapped places with C++ to take the No. 3 position, and C# has fallen out of the ...For you programming purists out there, here is an interesting white paper on the runtime energy efficiency of various programming languages. https://lnkd.in/dcMSsjKe People wonder why languages ... The OECD DAC Network on Development Evaluation (EvalNet) has defined six evaluation criteria – relevance, coherence, effectiveness, efficiency, impact and sustainability – and two principles for their use. These criteria provide a normative framework used to determine the merit or worth of an intervention (policy, strategy, programme ... May 1, 2021 · Ultimately, it is based on such comparisons that we propose a series of efficiency rankings, based on single and multiple criteria. Our results show interesting findings, such as how slower/faster languages can consume less/more energy, and how memory usage influences energy consumption. The lambda calculus, developed in the 1930s by Alonzo Church, is a formal system of computation built from function application. In 1937 Alan Turing proved that the lambda calculus and Turing machines are equivalent models of computation, [36] showing that the lambda calculus is Turing complete. Lambda calculus forms the basis of all functional ...May 1, 2021 · Ultimately, it is based on such comparisons that we propose a series of efficiency rankings, based on single and multiple criteria. Our results show interesting findings, such as how slower/faster languages can consume less/more energy, and how memory usage influences energy consumption. Python vs C++. Python is more memory efficient because of its automatic garbage collection as compared to C++ which does not support garbage collection. Python code is easy to learn, use and write as compare to C++ which is hard to understand and use because of its complex syntax. Python uses an interpreter to execute the code which makes it ...The TIOBE Programming Community index is an indicator of the popularity of programming languages. The index is updated once a month. The ratings are based on the number of skilled engineers world-wide, courses and third party vendors. Popular search engines such as Google, Bing, Yahoo!, Wikipedia, Amazon, YouTube and Baidu are used to calculate ...A programming language is a system of notation for writing computer programs. [1] Most programming languages are text-based formal languages, but they may also be graphical. They are a kind of computer language . The description of a programming language is usually split into the two components of syntax (form) and semantics (meaning), which ... Request PDF | Ranking programming languages by energy efficiency | This paper compares a large set of programming languages regarding their efficiency, including from an energetic point-of-view.Jun 3, 2018 · Motivation: Even though many studies examine the energy efficiency of hardware and embedded systems, those that investigate the energy consumption of software applications are still limited, and mostly focused on mobile applications. As modern applications become even more complex and heterogeneous a need arises for methods that can accurately assess their energy consumption. Goal: Measure the ... Speed comparison of programming languages. This projects tries to compare the speed of different programming languages. In this project we don't really care about getting a precise calculation of pi. We only want to see how fast are the programming languages doing. It uses an implementation of the Leibniz formula for π to do the comparison.Python dominates as the de facto platform for new technologies. Stephen Cass. 24 Aug 2021. 3 min read. Shutterstock. Learn Python. That's the biggest takeaway we can give you from its continued ...ENERGY STAR is the simple choice for energy efficiency, making it easy to find products that will save you money and protect the environment. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ensures that each product that earns the label is independently certified to deliver the efficiency performance and savings that consumers have come to expect ...This report presents the findings, conclusions and recommendations of the evaluation of the Energy Efficiency Program (EEP). This evaluation was conducted as specified in Natural Resources Canada’s (NRCan) Joint Audit and Evaluation Plan 2018-2021, and in accordance with the Treasury Board Policy on Results (2016).RedMonk uses a blend of data from GitHub and Stack Overflow to come up with its semi-annual language rankings. The top 10 languages in RedMonk's latest rankings are: JavaScript. Python. Java. PHP ...Energy efficiency is the use of less energy to perform the same task or produce the same result. Energy-efficient homes and buildings use less energy to heat, cool, and run appliances and electronics, and energy-efficient manufacturing facilities use less energy to produce goods. Energy efficiency is one of the easiest and most cost-effective ...Jun 9, 2015 · What's the Most Efficient Language? It's 2025, and alien explorers from a distant planet are set to make first contact with Earth. Conveniently for us, they have a universal translator. Unfortunately, for us, they've intercepted far too many episodes of Jersey Shore and have a skewed perception of our species. So, in an effort to put humanity's ... Computer programming is the core of computer science curriculum. Several programming languages have been used to teach the first course in computer programming, and such languages are referred to as first programming language (FPL). The pool of programming languages has been evolving with the development of new languages, and from this pool different languages have been used as FPL at ...Jun 9, 2015 · What's the Most Efficient Language? It's 2025, and alien explorers from a distant planet are set to make first contact with Earth. Conveniently for us, they have a universal translator. Unfortunately, for us, they've intercepted far too many episodes of Jersey Shore and have a skewed perception of our species. So, in an effort to put humanity's ... This report presents the findings, conclusions and recommendations of the evaluation of the Energy Efficiency Program (EEP). This evaluation was conducted as specified in Natural Resources Canada’s (NRCan) Joint Audit and Evaluation Plan 2018-2021, and in accordance with the Treasury Board Policy on Results (2016).What's the Most Efficient Language? It's 2025, and alien explorers from a distant planet are set to make first contact with Earth. Conveniently for us, they have a universal translator. Unfortunately, for us, they've intercepted far too many episodes of Jersey Shore and have a skewed perception of our species. So, in an effort to put humanity's ...Aug 8, 2023 · The 14 Best Programming Languages to Learn in 2023. 1. Python. Python is an open-sourced, general-purpose programming language. When it comes to Python applications, you have a lot of choices, as it’s widely used for web development, scientific computing, artificial intelligence, data analysis, and more. v. t. e. Computer programming is the process of performing particular computations (or more generally, accomplishing specific computing results), usually by designing and building executable computer programs. Programming involves tasks such as analysis, generating algorithms, profiling algorithms' accuracy and resource consumption, and the ... Dec 13, 2022 · Java usage is widespread, with companies such as Google, Netflix, Uber, and Spotify using the language. Growing in popularity at a rate of 155%, Java is likely to retain its number one position for the foreseeable future. #2. Python. What this language is used for: Web development. Jun 9, 2015 · What's the Most Efficient Language? It's 2025, and alien explorers from a distant planet are set to make first contact with Earth. Conveniently for us, they have a universal translator. Unfortunately, for us, they've intercepted far too many episodes of Jersey Shore and have a skewed perception of our species. So, in an effort to put humanity's ... Ranking. In this ranking, we can see the “greenest” and most efficient languages are: C, C+, Rust, and Java, although this last one shoots the memory usage. From the Paper: Normalized global ...Such tables illustrate that languages like C, Rust, C++, Pascal, and others are the most eco-friendly and consume the least energy. However, little is shown about how these rankings were produced. This is the continuation of this 2017 paper: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320436353_Energy_efficiency_across_programming_languages_how_do_energy_time_and_memory_relate There are new measurements and evaluations based on CLBG (as before), but now also based on Rosetta Code.Monitor and estimation tool enabled for 2nd Generation Intel® Core™ processors. IPPET is a prototype power monitoring utility that uses Intel-specific energy MSRs to break down power consumption per process and displays them in real-time on a web browser. PowerTOP is a Linux* tool to diagnose issues with power consumption and power management.The big five—Java, C, C++, Python, and C#—remain on top, with their ranking undisturbed, but C has edged to within a whisper of knocking Java off the top spot. The big mover is R, a ...Most startups use Python-based backend frameworks such as Django (Python), Flask (Python), and NodeJS (JavaScript). These languages are also considered to be the best programming languages to learn for beginners. Below is a list of the most popular and best programming languages that will be in demand in 2023. 1.Jun 1, 2015 · Monitor and estimation tool enabled for 2nd Generation Intel® Core™ processors. IPPET is a prototype power monitoring utility that uses Intel-specific energy MSRs to break down power consumption per process and displays them in real-time on a web browser. PowerTOP is a Linux* tool to diagnose issues with power consumption and power management. This paper compares a large set of programming languages regarding their e ciency, including from an energetic point-of-view. Indeed, we seek to estab-lish and analyze di erent rankings for programming languages based on their energy e ciency. The goal of being able to rank programming languages based Notably, the energy consumption does vary by factors up to 80 between programming languages. On average, C and Rust programs are the most energy efficient. Java programs consume about 2 times more energy than C programs. JavaScript/TypeScript programs consume between 4 to 20 times more energy than C programs.Notably, the energy consumption does vary by factors up to 80 between programming languages. On average, C and Rust programs are the most energy efficient. Java programs consume about 2 times more energy than C programs. JavaScript/TypeScript programs consume between 4 to 20 times more energy than C programs.Compiled languages like C, Rust, C++, and Ada lead in terms of speed and energy efficiency, with Java following closely. Other popular languages like Go, JavaScript, PHP, Ruby, and Python rank lower.Jul 26, 2016 · After two years in second place, C has finally edged out Java for the top spot. Staying in the top five, Python has swapped places with C++ to take the No. 3 position, and C# has fallen out of the ... In 2023, Java claims the No. 3 spot in terms of the most in-demand programming languages. This object-oriented language is free to use and can run on all platforms. It’s often used in application and web development, and it’s also used on the backend of big-name sites like Google, YouTube, and Amazon. If you’re just learning how to code ...The lambda calculus, developed in the 1930s by Alonzo Church, is a formal system of computation built from function application. In 1937 Alan Turing proved that the lambda calculus and Turing machines are equivalent models of computation, [36] showing that the lambda calculus is Turing complete. Lambda calculus forms the basis of all functional ... May 5, 2021 · Using concepts from economics, efficiency can also be defined as the maximization of the benefit-to-cost ratio. Although communication can bring diverse benefits (social status, aesthetic pleasure, etc.), the main focus of most current studies on efficiency is on the successful transfer of information through a noisy communication channel, which is studied from an information theoretic ... Speed comparison of programming languages. This projects tries to compare the speed of different programming languages. In this project we don't really care about getting a precise calculation of pi. We only want to see how fast are the programming languages doing. It uses an implementation of the Leibniz formula for π to do the comparison. Python vs C++. Python is more memory efficient because of its automatic garbage collection as compared to C++ which does not support garbage collection. Python code is easy to learn, use and write as compare to C++ which is hard to understand and use because of its complex syntax. Python uses an interpreter to execute the code which makes it ...Using the calculations from the previous article, we can estimate the yearly carbon impact: C#/WPF is around .00031 mtCO2e per year for that population. Python/Kiva is around .00087 mtCO2e per ...Our default ranking is weighted toward the interests of an IEEE member, and looking at the top entries, we see that Python has held onto its comfortable lead, with Java and C once again coming in ...The interest towards efficiency as a universal principle has only recently re-emerged due to the development of large, richly annotated corpora, which allow new forms of quantitative cross-linguistic investigation. An important role is also played by cutting-edge statistical methods, which include correlation analysis, regression, and computer ...An EnerGuide home evaluation can help you understand how your home uses energy now – and identify retrofits to help improve energy efficiency. An energy advisor will assess your home from basement to attic. This will give you an EnerGuide rating for your home and an energy efficiency report to help you make decisions about possible upgrades.v. t. e. Computer programming is the process of performing particular computations (or more generally, accomplishing specific computing results), usually by designing and building executable computer programs. Programming involves tasks such as analysis, generating algorithms, profiling algorithms' accuracy and resource consumption, and the ...Feb 24, 2014 · Computer programming is the core of computer science curriculum. Several programming languages have been used to teach the first course in computer programming, and such languages are referred to as first programming language (FPL). The pool of programming languages has been evolving with the development of new languages, and from this pool different languages have been used as FPL at ... A programming language is a system of notation for writing computer programs. [1] Most programming languages are text-based formal languages, but they may also be graphical. They are a kind of computer language . The description of a programming language is usually split into the two components of syntax (form) and semantics (meaning), which ... This table is an extract from a 2017 scientific article, Energy Efficiency Across Programming Languages, and it makes sense: compiled languages like C or C++ are fast and energy efficient while ...Sep 6, 2019 · (In any given ranking, the highest-ranked language is assigned a score of 100, and the scores of lower-ranked languages are scaled to that.) The number-crunching language R rounds out the top five. Energy efficiency activities between 2010 and 2012 resulted in enough energy savings to power nearly 800,000 homes for a year and cut carbon dioxide emissions by 5.3 million tons, the equivalent of removing more than 1 million cars from California’s roads. The CPUC regulates ratepayer-funded energy efficiency programs.Such tables illustrate that languages like C, Rust, C++, Pascal, and others are the most eco-friendly and consume the least energy. However, little is shown about how these rankings were produced. Speed comparison of programming languages. This projects tries to compare the speed of different programming languages. In this project we don't really care about getting a precise calculation of pi. We only want to see how fast are the programming languages doing. It uses an implementation of the Leibniz formula for π to do the comparison. What's the Most Efficient Language? It's 2025, and alien explorers from a distant planet are set to make first contact with Earth. Conveniently for us, they have a universal translator. Unfortunately, for us, they've intercepted far too many episodes of Jersey Shore and have a skewed perception of our species. So, in an effort to put humanity's ...After two years in second place, C has finally edged out Java for the top spot. Staying in the top five, Python has swapped places with C++ to take the No. 3 position, and C# has fallen out of the ...Because 8-bit floating-point operations are about 30 times as energy efficient as 64-bit ones, makers of GPUs and other AI accelerator chips have been seeking ways to use such lower-precision ...Sep 12, 2018 · Depending on which factors are important for your project you will get a different ranking of possible languages for your project. Conclusion. There is no singular good way to rank programming languages. However whenever you encounter a list or ranking of programming languages just be aware of what techniques they used to create the list. Feb 13, 2022 · 7. C#. For the last many years, C# is holding a good position in the list of top programming languages of almost every index. The language is ranked at 4th and 5th position at TIOBE and PYPL index respectively. On GitHub Language Rankings, it holds a place at the #5 position consistently for the last two years. May 24, 2023 · 1. JavaScript. JavaScript is one of the world’s most popular programming languages on the web. Using JavaScript, you can build some of the most interactive websites. Also, it is one of the most demanding languages in programming as per recent reports by Stack Overflow. For a lot of programs, the biggest energy suck is between the chair and keyboard. Most low energy languages are harder to code with, hence require more energy up front. Ask how much developer time it took to get all those toy programs to run correctly. My guess is the Python code took 10-20% of the time the C code took to write.A programming language is a system of notation for writing computer programs. [1] Most programming languages are text-based formal languages, but they may also be graphical. They are a kind of computer language . The description of a programming language is usually split into the two components of syntax (form) and semantics (meaning), which ...About this report. Energy Efficiency 2021 is the IEA’s annual update on global developments in energy efficiency. This year’s edition explores recent trends in energy efficiency markets at the economy-wide and sectoral levels, including developments in policy and investment. The report also focuses on the role of energy efficiency in ...Algorithmic efficiency. In computer science, algorithmic efficiency is a property of an algorithm which relates to the amount of computational resources used by the algorithm. An algorithm must be analyzed to determine its resource usage, and the efficiency of an algorithm can be measured based on the usage of different resources.May 1, 2021 · Ranking programming languages by energy efficiency - ScienceDirect Science of Computer Programming Volume 205, 1 May 2021, 102609 Ranking programming languages by energy efficiency Pereira a b , Marco Couto c b , Francisco Ribeiro c b , Rua c b , Jácome Cunha c b , João Paulo Fernandes d , João Saraiva c b Add to Mendeley Sep 5, 2023 · The Football Power Index (FPI) is a measure of team strength that is meant to be the best predictor of a team's performance going forward for the rest of the season. FPI represents how many points ... Energy efficiency across programming languages: how do energy, time, and memory relate? Authors: Rui Pereira , Marco Couto , Francisco Ribeiro , Rui Rua , Jácome Cunha , João Paulo Fernandes , João Saraiva Authors Info & ClaimsOverviews of the energy efficiency programs reviewed for this chapter are provided in Table 6-2 and 6-3. Key findings drawn from these programs include: • Energy efficiency resources are being acquired on aver­ age at about one-half the cost of the typical new power sources, and about one-third of the cost of nat­ Welcome to IEEE Spectrum ’s ninth annual ranking of the Top Programming Languages! This year we’ve revamped and streamlined our interactive ranking tool and made other changes under the hood, but the goal remains the same—to combine multiple metrics from different sources to estimate the relative popularity of different languages.About this report. Energy Efficiency 2021 is the IEA’s annual update on global developments in energy efficiency. This year’s edition explores recent trends in energy efficiency markets at the economy-wide and sectoral levels, including developments in policy and investment. The report also focuses on the role of energy efficiency in ...Overviews of the energy efficiency programs reviewed for this chapter are provided in Table 6-2 and 6-3. Key findings drawn from these programs include: • Energy efficiency resources are being acquired on aver­ age at about one-half the cost of the typical new power sources, and about one-third of the cost of nat­This table is an extract from a 2017 scientific article, Energy Efficiency Across Programming Languages, and it makes sense: compiled languages like C or C++ are fast and energy efficient while ...the historical and future resource contributions of energy efficiency as compared to other energy resources. Many energy efficiency evaluations are oriented toward developing retrospective estimates of energy savings attributable to a program to demonstrate in regulatory proceedings that public or energy consumer funds were properly and effectivelyEnergy efficiency across programming languages: how do energy, time, and memory relate?. In Proceedings of the 10th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Software Language Engineering (pp. 256 ...Algorithmic efficiency. In computer science, algorithmic efficiency is a property of an algorithm which relates to the amount of computational resources used by the algorithm. An algorithm must be analyzed to determine its resource usage, and the efficiency of an algorithm can be measured based on the usage of different resources. Feb 1, 2023 · Feb 1. This is a blog post-version of the recent live talk of João Saraiva in the clean-IT openXchange series. In his live talk, Saraiva explained the methods and results of their famous study ... Energy Efficiency in Programming Languages Checking Energy Consumption in Programming Languages Using the Computer Language Benchmark Game as a case study. What is this? This repo contains the source code of 10 distinct benchmarks, implemented in 28 different languages (exactly as taken from the Computer Language Benchmark Game). Python is a relatively new programming language, first introduced in 1989, that has surged in popularity with the emergence of new fields of application. It is an interpreted language that supports automatic memory management and object-oriented programming. It heavily prioritizes developer experience.

This table is an extract from a 2017 scientific article, Energy Efficiency Across Programming Languages, and it makes sense: compiled languages like C or C++ are fast and energy efficient while .... Random word generator last name

ranking_programming_languages_by_energy_efficiency_evaluation.ods

Depending on which factors are important for your project you will get a different ranking of possible languages for your project. Conclusion. There is no singular good way to rank programming languages. However whenever you encounter a list or ranking of programming languages just be aware of what techniques they used to create the list.Python is a relatively new programming language, first introduced in 1989, that has surged in popularity with the emergence of new fields of application. It is an interpreted language that supports automatic memory management and object-oriented programming. It heavily prioritizes developer experience.Jul 22, 2020 · Here are the metrics we use to build an overall ranking of programming language popularity. The IEEE Spectrum Top Programming Languages app synthesizes 11 metrics from eight sources to arrive at ... Ranking. In this ranking, we can see the “greenest” and most efficient languages are: C, C+, Rust, and Java, although this last one shoots the memory usage. From the Paper: Normalized global ...Overviews of the energy efficiency programs reviewed for this chapter are provided in Table 6-2 and 6-3. Key findings drawn from these programs include: • Energy efficiency resources are being acquired on aver­ age at about one-half the cost of the typical new power sources, and about one-third of the cost of nat­ May 1, 2021 · Ultimately, it is based on such comparisons that we propose a series of efficiency rankings, based on single and multiple criteria. Our results show interesting findings, such as how slower/faster languages can consume less/more energy, and how memory usage influences energy consumption. Dec 3, 2020 · For the last five years, Rust was voted as the most loved programming language by 86% of developers who took the survey. TypeScript took position two with 67.1% while Python came third after ... The OECD DAC Network on Development Evaluation (EvalNet) has defined six evaluation criteria – relevance, coherence, effectiveness, efficiency, impact and sustainability – and two principles for their use. These criteria provide a normative framework used to determine the merit or worth of an intervention (policy, strategy, programme ...Computer programming is the core of computer science curriculum. Several programming languages have been used to teach the first course in computer programming, and such languages are referred to as first programming language (FPL). The pool of programming languages has been evolving with the development of new languages, and from this pool different languages have been used as FPL at ...Ranking programming languages by energy efficiency R Pereira, M Couto, F Ribeiro, R Rua, J Cunha, JP Fernandes, J Saraiva Science of Computer Programming 205, 102609 , 2021Investment in efficiency is projected to fall 9% in 2020. Travel restrictions and lockdowns are having major impacts on long-distance and urban transport. Transport sector energy consumption is projected to fall by 10% in 2020 compared with 2019, including an 11% drop in oil consumption of around 6 million barrels a day.described in Section 2.2) to analyze the energy efficiency of 27 languages and (almost) 270 programs. We have also extended it in order to monitor memory consumption, as well. This paper is organized as follows: Section 2 exposes the detailed steps of our methodology to measure and compare energy efficiency in software languages, followed by a pre-But Python alone does not make a career. In our “Jobs” ranking, it is SQL that shines at No. 1. Ironically though, you’re very unlikely to get a job as a pure SQL programmer.May 1, 2021 · Request PDF | Ranking programming languages by energy efficiency | This paper compares a large set of programming languages regarding their efficiency, including from an energetic point-of-view. The OECD DAC Network on Development Evaluation (EvalNet) has defined six evaluation criteria – relevance, coherence, effectiveness, efficiency, impact and sustainability – and two principles for their use. These criteria provide a normative framework used to determine the merit or worth of an intervention (policy, strategy, programme ... https://lnkd.in/d8V5DuX4. Ranking programming languages by energy efficiency sciencedirect.comWhat's the Most Efficient Language? It's 2025, and alien explorers from a distant planet are set to make first contact with Earth. Conveniently for us, they have a universal translator. Unfortunately, for us, they've intercepted far too many episodes of Jersey Shore and have a skewed perception of our species. So, in an effort to put humanity's ...What's the Most Efficient Language? It's 2025, and alien explorers from a distant planet are set to make first contact with Earth. Conveniently for us, they have a universal translator. Unfortunately, for us, they've intercepted far too many episodes of Jersey Shore and have a skewed perception of our species. So, in an effort to put humanity's ...May 20, 2018 · For example, overall the C language turned out to be the fastest and also the most energy efficient. But in the benchmark test which involved scanning a DNA database for a particular genetic sequence, Rust was the most energy-efficient — while C came in third. Computer programming is the core of computer science curriculum. Several programming languages have been used to teach the first course in computer programming, and such languages are referred to as first programming language (FPL). The pool of programming languages has been evolving with the development of new languages, and from this pool different languages have been used as FPL at ....

Popular Topics